marked with chalk

* * *

albus, a, um, adj. [cf. Umbr. alfu and Sab. alpus = white; alphos = white rash; O. H. Germ. Elbiz = a swan; to this have been referred also Alba Longa, Albunea, Alpes from their snowy summits (Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.), Albion from its chalky cliffs, Alpheios, and Albis = Elbe], white (properly dead white, not shining; e. g. hair, complexion, garments, etc., opp. ater, black that is without lustre; while candidus denotes a glistening, dazzling white, opp. niger, shining black.—Hence, trop., albus and ater, a symbol of good or ill fortune; on the other hand, candidus and niger of moral worth or unworthiness; cf. Doed. Syn. III. 193 sq.—So Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 82: aliud est candidum, i. e. quādam nitenti luce perfusum esse; aliud album, quod pallori constat esse vicinum; cf. Verg. E. 7, 38: Candidior cycnis, hederā formosior albā, with id. ib. 3, 39: diffusos hederā vestit pallente corymbos; but this distinction is freq. disregarded by the poets).

Lit.

In gen.:

barba,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15:

corpus,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 115:

color albus praecipue decorus deo est, maxime in textili,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45: albus calculus, the small white stone used in voting, as a sign of acceding to the opinion of any one, or of the acquittal of one who is under accusation (opp. ater calculus;

v. calculus).— Hence, trop.: alicui rei album calculum adicere,

to allow, approve of, authorize, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—In Enn. an epithet of the sun and moon: sol, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 92 Vahl.): jubar Hyperionis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 658 P. (Ann. v. 547 ib.).—The following are examples of the opposition of albus and niger (instead of ater) as exceptions to the gen. rule; so always in Lucr. (who also uses albus and candidus or candens promiscuously), 2, 810; 822 sqq.; 731 sq.; 790; 767-771. Once in Cic.: quae alba sint, quae nigra dicere, Div. 2, 3; so Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Ov. M. 2, 541; cf. with id. ib. 2, 534 and 535; also id. ib. 12, 403; 15, 46; id. H. 15, 37 al.:

albi et nigri velleris,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 35:

non potes unum capillum album facere aut nigrum,

ib. Matt. 5, 36.—

Esp.

Pale, from sickness, terror, care, and the like:

aquosus albo Corpore languor, of dropsical persons,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

pallor,

id. Epod. 7, 15:

vivat et urbanis albus in officiis,

pale from the cares of his public office, Mart. 1, 56 fin. et saep. —

Of clothing, white: alba decent Cererem;

vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,

Ov. F. 4, 619:

vidit duos Angelos in albis,

Vulg. Joan. 20, 12; ib. Apoc. 3, 4.—Hence, poet. transf. to the person, clothed in white, Hor. S. 1, 2, 36: pedibus qui venerat albis, who had come with white feet, i. e. marked with chalk, as for sale, Juv. 1, 111 (cf. gypsatus and also Plin. 35, 17, 58, §§ 199-201; Mayor ad 1. 1.).—

Prov. phrases.

Dentibus albis deridere, to deride one by laughing so as to show the teeth, for to deride much, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 48 (cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 26).—

Albus an ater sit, nescio or non curo, I know not, care not whether he is white or black, i. e. he is entirely indifferent to me:

vide, quam te amārit is, qui albus aterve fueris ignorans, fratris filium praeteriit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16:

unde illa scivit, ater an albus nascerer,

Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Cat. 93, 2; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 38.—

Albo rete aliquid oppugnare, to attack or seize upon something with a white net, i. e. in a delicate, skilful manner:

qui hic albo rete aliena oppugnant bona,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 22 (so the passage seems to be more simply explained than acc. to the opinion of Gron.: qui albo (by the register of the prætor) tamquam rete, which omission of the tamquam is a Horatian, but not a Plautinian idiom). —

Albā lineā aliquid signare, to make a white line upon a white ground, i. e. to make no distinction: et amabat omnes, nam ut discrimen non facit... signat linea alba, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 28 (where the common editions have neque before signare, which gives the expression a directly opposite sense): albā, ut dicitur, lineā sine curā discriminis convertebant, Gell. praef. 11.—

Alba avis, a white sparrow, for something rare, uncommon, strange:

quasi avem albam videntur bene sentientem civem videre,

Cic. Fam. 7, 28 (quasi novum quiddam; proverbium ex eo natum, quia rarae aves albae, Manut. ad h. 1.).—

Filius albae gallinae, fortune's favorite child, Juv. 13, 141, prob. an allusion to the miracle that happened to Livia in regard to a white hen, v. Plin. 15, 30, 40; Suet. Galb. 1 (Ruperti ad h. 1, refers this expression to the unfruitfulness of a white hen, and conpares Col. R. R. 8, 2, 7).—

Equis albis praecurrere aliquem, to excel, surpass one, Hor. S. 1, 7, 8 (the figure being drawn from the white horses attached to a triumphal chariot; cf. Suet. Ner. 25; id. Dom. 2).—

Trop.

Favorable, fortunate, propitious:

simul alba nautis Stella refulsit,

i. e. the twin-star Castor, favorable to sailors, Hor. C. 1, 12, 27:

dies,

Sil. 15, 53:

sint omnia protinus alba,

Pers. 1, 110.—

Poet. and act., of the wind, making clear or bright, dispersing the clouds; hence, dry:

Notus,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 15 (as a transl. of the Gr. leukonotos):

iapyx,

id. ib. 3, 27, 19 (cf.:

clarus aquilo,

Verg. G. 1, 460).—Whence,

album, i, n., whiteness.

White color, white:

maculis insignis et albo,

Verg. G. 3, 56;

sparsis pellibus albo,

id. E. 2, 41:

columnas polire albo,

to make white, whiten, Liv. 40, 51.—Hence,

Esp.,

The white of the eye:

oculorum,

Cels. 2, 6; so id. 7, 7, n. 6 and 12.—

The white of an egg:

ovi,

Cels. 6, 6, n. 7.—

In Col. 6, 17, 7, a white spot on the eye, i. e. a disease of it, = albugo.—

In the lang. of polit. life, a white tablet, on which any thing is inscribed (like leukôma in Gr.).

The tablets on which the Pontifex Maximus registered the principal events of the year, the Annales maximi (v. annales): in album referre, to enter or record in, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 52; Liv. 1, 32, 2.—

The tablets of the prœtor, on which his edicts were written, and which were posted up in some public place, Paul. Sent. l. 1, t. 14.—Hence, sedere ad album, to be employed with the edicts of the prœtor, Sen. Ep. 48:

se ad album transferre,

Quint. 12, 3, 11 Spald.—

Esp., a list of names, a register, e. g. Album senatorium, the tablet on which the names of the senators were enrolled, the roll, register, which, by the order of Augustus, was to be posted up annually in the senate-house, Diom. 55, 3, and Fragm. 137:

aliquem albo senatorio eradere,

Tac. A. 4, 42 fin. —Also, the list of the judges chosen by the quœstors:

aliquem albo judicum eradere,

Suet. Claud. 16; so id. Dom. 8.—And transf. to other catalogues of names:

citharoedorum,

Suet. Ner. 21.

crētātus, a, um, adj. [id.], marked with chalk.

Prop.:

fasciae,

Cic. Att. 2, 3, 1:

pedes,

Plin. 35, 18, 58, § 201:

bos (decorated as an offering),

Juv. 10, 66:

Fabulla,

whitened, Mart. 2, 41, 11.—

Transf.: ambitio, i. e. of the candidates for office, clothed in white (candidatorum), Pers. 5, 177.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Pers. 3, 105 dub.; Sil. 7, 696; cf. App. M. 7, p. 483 Oud.; Pers. 3, 105; Grat. Cyn. 278. Whether Lucil. ap. Charis, p. 72 P. belongs here or to 2. calx is undecided) [Sanscr. kar-, wound, kill; akin with lax, calcar, calceus], the heel.

Lit.:

calces deteris,

you tread on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111:

quod si ipsa animi vis In capite aut umeris aut imis calcibus esse Posset,

Lucr. 3, 792; 5, 136: incursare pug nis, calcibus, pux kai lax, Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 53:

certare pugnis, calcibus, unguibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

uti pugnis et calcibus,

id. Sull. 25, 71:

concisus pugnis et calcibus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

subsellium calce premere,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

ferire pugno vel calce,

Quint. 2, 8, 13:

quadrupedemque citum ferratā (al. ferrato) calce fatigat,

Verg. A. 11, 714:

nudā calce vexare ilia equi,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 115; Sil. 7, 697; 13, 169; 17, 541:

nudis calcibus anguem premere,

Juv. 1, 43.—Also of the heels of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8; Col. 8, 2, 8:

quadrupes calcibus auras Verberat,

Verg. A. 10, 892.—Hence, caedere calcibus, to kick, laktizô, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71:

calce petere aliquem,

to kick, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55:

ferire,

Ov. F. 3, 755:

extundere frontem,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 9:

calces remittere,

to kick, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; so,

reicere,

Dig. 9, 1, 5:

aut dic aut accipe calcem,

take a kick, Juv. 3, 295 al. —

Prov.: adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare, etc.) = laktizein pros kentron (Aesch Agam. 1624; Pind. Pyth. 2, 174;

W. T. Act. 9, 5),

to kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28 Don. and Ruhnk.; cf. Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55, and s. v. calcitro: calcem impingere alicui rei, to abandon any occupation:

Anglice,

to hang a thing on the nail, Petr. 46.—

Meton. (pars pro toto), the foot, in gen.:

calcemque terit jam calce,

Verg. A. 5, 324 Serv. and Heyne. —

Transf. to similar things.

In architecture: calces scaporum, the foot of the pillars of a staircase; Fr. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9, praef. § 8.—

Calx mali, the foot of the mast, Vitr. 10, 3, 5.—

In agriculture, the piece of wood cut off with a scion, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24, and Cato, R. R. 18, 7; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; dub. Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; and id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 fin.; cf. Rudd. I. p. 37, n. 3; later collat. form calcis, is, f., Ven. Fort. Carm. 11, 11, 10) [chalix].

Liv.

A small stone used in gaming, a counter (less freq. than the dim. calculus, q. v.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 687 P.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.—

Limestone, lime, whether slaked or not, Lucr. 6, 1067; Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

viva,

unslaked, quicklime, Vitr. 8, 7:

coquere,

to burn lime, Cato, R. R. 16; Vitr. 2, 5, 1: exstincta, slaked, id. l. l.:

macerata,

id. 7, 2; Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

harenatus,

mixed with sand, mortar, Cato, R. R. 18, 7:

materies ex calce et harenā mixta,

Vitr. 7, 3.— Since the goal or limit in the race-ground was designated by lime (as later by chalk, v. creta), calx signifies,

Trop., the goal, end, or limit in the race-course (anciently marked with lime or chalk; opp. carceres, the starting-point; mostly ante-Aug.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): supremae calcis spatium,

Lucr. 6, 92 Lachm.; Sen. Ep. 108, 32; Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24:

ad calcem pervenire,

Cic. Lael. 27, 101; so,

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i. e. to turn back from the end to the beginning, id. Sen. 23, 83:

nunc video calcem, ad quam (al. quem) cum sit decursum,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: ab ipsā (al. ipso) calce revocati, id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. l.l.; Quint. 8, 5, 30 dub.; v. Spald. N. cr. —

Prov., of speech:

extra calcem decurrere,

to digress from a theme, Amm. 21, 1, 14.—

In gen., the end, conclusion of a page, book, or writing (mostly post-class.):

si tamen in clausulā et calce pronuntietur sententia,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

in calce epistulae,

Hier. Ep. 9; 26 fin.; 84 init.: in calce libri, id. Vit. St. Hil. fin.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Pers. 3, 105 dub.; Sil. 7, 696; cf. App. M. 7, p. 483 Oud.; Pers. 3, 105; Grat. Cyn. 278. Whether Lucil. ap. Charis, p. 72 P. belongs here or to 2. calx is undecided) [Sanscr. kar-, wound, kill; akin with lax, calcar, calceus], the heel.

Lit.:

calces deteris,

you tread on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111:

quod si ipsa animi vis In capite aut umeris aut imis calcibus esse Posset,

Lucr. 3, 792; 5, 136: incursare pug nis, calcibus, pux kai lax, Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 53:

certare pugnis, calcibus, unguibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

uti pugnis et calcibus,

id. Sull. 25, 71:

concisus pugnis et calcibus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

subsellium calce premere,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

ferire pugno vel calce,

Quint. 2, 8, 13:

quadrupedemque citum ferratā (al. ferrato) calce fatigat,

Verg. A. 11, 714:

nudā calce vexare ilia equi,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 115; Sil. 7, 697; 13, 169; 17, 541:

nudis calcibus anguem premere,

Juv. 1, 43.—Also of the heels of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8; Col. 8, 2, 8:

quadrupes calcibus auras Verberat,

Verg. A. 10, 892.—Hence, caedere calcibus, to kick, laktizô, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71:

calce petere aliquem,

to kick, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55:

ferire,

Ov. F. 3, 755:

extundere frontem,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 9:

calces remittere,

to kick, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; so,

reicere,

Dig. 9, 1, 5:

aut dic aut accipe calcem,

take a kick, Juv. 3, 295 al. —

Prov.: adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare, etc.) = laktizein pros kentron (Aesch Agam. 1624; Pind. Pyth. 2, 174;

W. T. Act. 9, 5),

to kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28 Don. and Ruhnk.; cf. Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55, and s. v. calcitro: calcem impingere alicui rei, to abandon any occupation:

Anglice,

to hang a thing on the nail, Petr. 46.—

Meton. (pars pro toto), the foot, in gen.:

calcemque terit jam calce,

Verg. A. 5, 324 Serv. and Heyne. —

Transf. to similar things.

In architecture: calces scaporum, the foot of the pillars of a staircase; Fr. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9, praef. § 8.—

Calx mali, the foot of the mast, Vitr. 10, 3, 5.—

In agriculture, the piece of wood cut off with a scion, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24, and Cato, R. R. 18, 7; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; dub. Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; and id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 fin.; cf. Rudd. I. p. 37, n. 3; later collat. form calcis, is, f., Ven. Fort. Carm. 11, 11, 10) [chalix].

Liv.

A small stone used in gaming, a counter (less freq. than the dim. calculus, q. v.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 687 P.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.—

Limestone, lime, whether slaked or not, Lucr. 6, 1067; Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

viva,

unslaked, quicklime, Vitr. 8, 7:

coquere,

to burn lime, Cato, R. R. 16; Vitr. 2, 5, 1: exstincta, slaked, id. l. l.:

macerata,

id. 7, 2; Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

harenatus,

mixed with sand, mortar, Cato, R. R. 18, 7:

materies ex calce et harenā mixta,

Vitr. 7, 3.— Since the goal or limit in the race-ground was designated by lime (as later by chalk, v. creta), calx signifies,

Trop., the goal, end, or limit in the race-course (anciently marked with lime or chalk; opp. carceres, the starting-point; mostly ante-Aug.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): supremae calcis spatium,

Lucr. 6, 92 Lachm.; Sen. Ep. 108, 32; Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24:

ad calcem pervenire,

Cic. Lael. 27, 101; so,

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i. e. to turn back from the end to the beginning, id. Sen. 23, 83:

nunc video calcem, ad quam (al. quem) cum sit decursum,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: ab ipsā (al. ipso) calce revocati, id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. l.l.; Quint. 8, 5, 30 dub.; v. Spald. N. cr. —

Prov., of speech:

extra calcem decurrere,

to digress from a theme, Amm. 21, 1, 14.—

In gen., the end, conclusion of a page, book, or writing (mostly post-class.):

si tamen in clausulā et calce pronuntietur sententia,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

in calce epistulae,

Hier. Ep. 9; 26 fin.; 84 init.: in calce libri, id. Vit. St. Hil. fin.

* * *

dē-nŏto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

Lit., to mark, set a mark on, with chalk, color, etc.:

pedes venalium creta,

Plin. 35, 17, 58, § 199:

lineam conspicuo colore,

Col. 3, 15.—

Transf.

To mark out, point out, specify, indicate, denote, designate (rare but class.—cf. demonstro):

qui uno nuntio atque una significatione litterarum civis Romanos necandos trucidandosque denotavit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

haud dubie Icilios denotante senatu,

Liv. 4, 55.—

To take note of, mark with the mind, observe accurately, denotantibus vobis ora ac metum singulorum, Tac. A. 3, 53:

cum denotandis hominum palloribus sufficeret vultus,

id. Agr. 45:

quot et quales sint nati,

id. 7, 9, 11:

cum ei res similes occurrant, quas non habeat denotatas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 57; cf. Vell. 2, 70, 2.—

Trop., to stigmatize, scandalize, brand with reproach or infamy:

mollem et effeminatum omni probro,

Suet. Cal. 56 fin.:

turpia legata, quae denotandi legatarii gratia scribuntur,

Dig. 30, 54 init.:

qui gaudet iniquitate denotabitur,

Vulg. Sir. 19, 5 sq. —Hence, P. a., dēnŏtātus, marked out, conspicuous.—Comp.:

denotatior ad contumeliae morsum,

Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 19.